At the Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery Institute (DCSI), we know skin from the inside out. Whether you're dealing with normal skin, oily skin, or another type, you should find your own skincare routine that is easy to follow and works for your skin type.
Continue reading below to learn more from DCSI. We'll explain different skin types, how to identify your skin type, and how to develop a skincare routine.
Types of Skin on the Face
Different skin types are found on people's faces, and each type of skin has its own best skincare. Before creating a skincare routine for yourself, you must first identify your skin type. Normal Skin: This skin is balanced with minimal imperfections, is not too oily or dry, and has small pores. Dry Skin: Skin that feels tight, rough, or flaky due to lack of moisture. It often has fine pores and can appear dull. Oily Skin: Characterized by excess sebum production, leading to a shiny appearance and larger pores. It is more prone to acne and blackheads. Combination Skin: This is a mix of dry and oily areas, usually with an oily T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) and drier cheeks. Sensitive Skin: Prone to redness, irritation, and reactions to certain products. It can be dry, oily, or a combination.How to Know What Type of Skin You Have
To determine your skin type, wash your face with a gentle cleanser and pat dry. Wait about an hour without applying any products, then observe how your skin feels and looks. Normal Skin: Feels comfortable, with no visible oil or dryness. Dry Skin: Feels tight, especially after washing, and may have flaky patches. Oily Skin: Appears shiny, especially in the T-zone, and may feel greasy to the touch. Combination Skin: Has a shiny T-zone but dry or normal areas elsewhere. Sensitive Skin: Reacts easily to products, showing signs of redness, stinging, or itching. You can also use blotting paper to test for oiliness. To do this, press the paper on different areas of your face. You likely have combination skin if the paper picks up oil primarily from the T-zone. If it picks up oil from all areas, you have oily skin. You may have normal or dry skin if you find little to no oil.What Does an Ordinary Skincare Routine Include?
An ordinary skincare routine typically includes three main steps: cleansing, moisturizing, and sun protection.- Cleansing removes dirt, oil, and makeup from the skin, helping to prevent clogged pores and breakouts.
- Moisturizing helps to hydrate and protect the skin's barrier, keeping it soft and smooth.
- Sun protection, including sunscreen with an SPF (sun protection factor) of 30 or higher, is essential. Sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UV rays that can cause premature aging and skin cancer.
Why Use a Toner on Your Face?
Toner, also known as astringent or essence, is used after cleansing to remove any remaining impurities, balance the skin's pH, and prepare the skin for better absorption of subsequent skincare products like serums and moisturizers. To use toner, apply a small amount to a cotton pad and gently swipe it across your face, avoiding the eye area. Depending on the formulation, toner can help tighten pores and refresh the skin while addressing specific concerns such as oiliness, dryness, or acne.What Is Exfoliating Your Face?
Exfoliating your face involves removing dead skin cells from the surface of your skin, which can be accomplished using physical exfoliants (like scrubs with small particles) or chemical exfoliants (like alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) or beta hydroxy acids (BHAs)). Regular exfoliation helps to prevent clogged pores, improve skin texture, and promote a brighter, more even complexion. It also enhances the effectiveness of other skincare products by allowing them to penetrate the skin more effectively. Exfoliation should be done 1-3 times a week, depending on your skin type and the product used.How Do Serums Help?
Serums are concentrated treatments that deliver active ingredients deep into the skin to address specific concerns such as hydration, anti-aging, or brightening. They have a lightweight consistency and are applied after cleansing and toning but before moisturizing. Some of the best serums include: Hyaluronic Acid Serums: Hydrate and plump the skin by attracting moisture. Vitamin C Serums: Brighten the skin and protect against free radical damage. Retinol Serums: Promote cell turnover, reduce fine lines, and improve skin texture. Using the right serum can significantly enhance your skincare routine by targeting specific issues and improving overall skin health.What Are the Differences Between Morning and Evening Skincare?
The primary difference between morning and evening skincare routines lies in their focus. Morning skincare is geared toward protection from environmental stressors, such as UV rays and pollution. These stressors are why a morning routine includes cleansing, lightweight moisturization, and, most importantly, sunscreen to shield the skin throughout the day. In contrast, evening skincare focuses on repair and hydration. The evening routine often includes deeper cleansing to remove the day's impurities, followed by treatments like retinoids or exfoliants that should not be used during the day due to sun sensitivity. The moisturizer used at night is typically richer to aid skin repair while sleeping.What Is a Recommended Morning Skincare Routine?
A recommended morning skincare routine starts with a gentle cleanser to remove any impurities accumulated overnight. Next, apply a toner to balance the skin's pH and prepare it for subsequent products. After toning, use a serum tailored to your skin concerns, such as vitamin C for brightening or hyaluronic acid for hydration. Follow up with a moisturizer to lock in hydration and keep the skin soft. The final and most crucial step is applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 to protect the skin from UV damage throughout the day.What Is a Recommended Evening Skincare Routine?
An evening skincare routine should focus on cleansing, treating, and moisturizing the skin to repair and rejuvenate it overnight, which includes getting a good night's sleep. Start with a gentle cleanser to remove makeup, dirt, and impurities accumulated during the day. Follow with a toner to balance the skin's pH and prepare it for treatment products. Apply a targeted treatment, such as a retinol or antioxidant serum, to address skin concerns like fine lines, hyperpigmentation, or acne. Next, use a rich moisturizer to promote hydration and support the skin's natural repair processes. Add an overnight mask or facial oil for extra nourishment if you have dry or sensitive skin.What Is a Proper Dry Skincare Routine?
A proper dry skincare routine focuses on intense hydration and protecting the skin's natural moisture barrier.- For dry skin, start with a hydrating, non-foaming cleanser that won't strip the skin of its natural oils.
- Follow with a hydrating toner or essence to add moisture and prepare the skin for better absorption of products.
- Apply a serum rich in hyaluronic acid or glycerin to draw moisture into the skin.
- Use a thick, emollient moisturizer to seal in hydration, and consider using a facial oil for extra nourishment.
- During the day, always finish with a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect against UV damage, which can exacerbate dryness.
What Is a Skincare Routine for Combination Skin?
A skincare routine for combination skin should balance the needs of both oily and dry areas.- Begin with a gentle, foaming cleanser that removes excess oil without over-drying the skin.
- Use a toner that helps control oil in the T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin) while hydrating drier areas.
- Apply a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer that hydrates without clogging pores.
- Consider using different serums for specific areas, such as a mattifying serum for oily zones and a hydrating serum for dry patches.
- Finish with a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect the skin, choosing an oil-free formula to avoid clogging pores.
What About a Skincare Routine for Sensitive Skin?
For sensitive skin, a gentle and minimalist skincare routine is key to avoiding irritation.- Start with a fragrance-free, hypoallergenic cleanser that effectively cleans without stripping the skin of its natural oils.
- After cleansing, apply a soothing toner or essence free of alcohol and other harsh ingredients.
- Follow with a lightweight moisturizer formulated for sensitive skin, ensuring it is free from fragrances, dyes, and parabens.
- If needed, apply a serum that contains calming ingredients like aloe vera or chamomile to reduce redness and irritation.
- Finish with a mineral-based sunscreen that is gentle on the skin and provides broad-spectrum protection.
What Is a Good Skincare Routine for Teens?
A good skincare routine for teens should focus on keeping the skin clean, controlling oil, and preventing acne.- Begin with a gentle cleanser that removes dirt, oil, and impurities without over-drying the skin. If acne is a concern, incorporate a toner or treatment containing salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide to help prevent breakouts.
- Moisturizing is important even for oily skin, so use a lightweight, oil-free moisturizer to keep the skin hydrated.
- Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every morning to protect the skin from UV damage, which can worsen acne and cause long-term skin issues.
- Regular exfoliation (once or twice a week) can also help keep pores clear and skin smooth, but do this gently to avoid irritation.